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Development of National Biosafety Framework (UNEP-GEF Project)
National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP): 1. Drafting the Strategy as a ProcessThe Strategy has been drafted as a process, which should enable active role and assuming share of responsibility by all the partners in the society. The participation of all partners (individuals, national and local government and self-government, economy, science, education, etc.) should be ensured through the free flow of information, consideration for the needs of individuals, affirmation of the partnership principle and awareness-raising campaigns.Basic principles(1) Integration of environmental policy into the sectorial policies: If viewed narrowly, the Strategy is only a sectorial document. Process of its drafting and the selected methodology should enable integration of the environmental policy into all the fields and activities. (2) Partnership and shared responsibility: Setting up of objectives and their fulfilment is possible only within a partnership of all the actors – general population, interest groups, business community, national and local government/self-government, and international community. Each party should assume its share of responsibility.(3) Changes of behaviour in production and consumption: Efficient implementation of the environmental policy based on the sustainable development principles is not possible without the change of behaviour/attitudes in production and consumption. (4) Increase in number of instruments used for implementation of set activities, particularly the economic activities: All the available instruments should be used to assist in the environmental policy implementation, primarily those related to its integration into the another sectors. Traditional instruments based on administrative bans and the "polluter pays" principle are insufficient. It is expected that the instruments (incentives) based on a voluntary principle, have the key role in this process. 2. Ensuring Sustainable DevelopmentThe Strategy offers an option to propose setting up of organisational and economic grounds that should enable implementation of the sustainable development principles. The term “sustainable development” as used in this document refers to the most used definition according to which the sustainable development is “development that meets the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy meet their own needs.” ...In the Strategy principle of sustainable development simultaneously refers to:Environmental requirements - (emission control) maintaining emissions within the nature carrying capacity limits; enable/permit only the projects that respect integrated protection of an ecosystem and individual species; use of renewable resources within the limits of their renewability and linking of non-renewable sources (e.g. fossil fuels) use rate with finding of alternative solutions.Sociological requirements – ensuring better social conditions for all the parts of the society, e.g. improvement in housing conditions, health care, education, employment ...Economic requirements – meeting the needs of the growing population demands permanent economic development. The income and expenses of private and public budgets must be balanced on a long-term basis.

UNECE (UN-Regionalkommission für Europa): Environmental performance review of Croatia As discussed and approved by the six session of the Committee on Environment Policy September 1999 for the Eighth session of the Committee on Environment Policy November 2002

Bericht des Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC) : "Strategic Environmental Analysis of Croatia", März 2001 (PDF, 2,4 MB); Auszug: "4. ConclusionsIn summarizing the issues covered by this Strategic Environmental Analysis, it is apparent that many problems are connected to improper pollution control by industries and waste management in general. Pollution and waste are in various ways the principal contributors to the degradation of Croatia’s land, water, air, biodiversity, marine and coastal areas.The existing waste management system, characterized by numerous landfills operating without proper preventive (such as recycling/reusing) and protection measures and illegal dumpsites, fails in both technical and educational aspects.In the majority of cases, water pollution (including that of marine and fresh waters) is caused by lack of effluent pre-treatment, a problem that is particularly evident in marine and coastal areas, where existing sewage systems’ capacities are far from adequate.Air pollution is limited mostly to major urban centers (Rijeka, Zagreb, Sisak, Kutina, Split) and is caused by dirty technologies in various industries. The average age and technical state of motor vehicles is additional and significant contributor to air pollution problems.The overall state of Croatia’s biological diversity is satisfactory, and is rather a result of poor development in the past than of adequate care and management. However, there are rapidly growing pressures on biodiversity (poaching, illegal collecting, exploitation of minerals, timber, building, etc.) with no adequate enforcement response (rangers, inspections) or management for protected species/areas.War-related environmental threats are also numerous: the large areas infested with minefields are inaccessible to people and degrade natural and biological features.

In regard to legal environmental aspects, the conclusion may be drawn that within the last decade, Croatia has created and adopted a comprehensive legal framework for sound environmental management, mostly based on the “command and control” principle.However, there is still a need to further adjustment legislation by following contemporary environmental legal standards, especially those from western countries and the EU. Of course, within the context of a clearly expressed national policy to join the European Union, the legal framework will primarily require adjustments in order to comply with EU laws. These adjustments have to be done with respect to domestic conditions and circumstances. Furthermore, a balancing of domestic environmental laws and regulations with some traditional laws covering related issues (coastal/marine management, forestry, water management) is necessary to make their applic ation more efficient.The importance of a regional approach has certainly materialized in Croatia’s new physical planning legislation, which allows counties, towns and municipalities to adopt enforceable regulations. As a consequence, local selfmanagement units can now recognize and apply their own environmental and development policies.The rate of enforcement of environmental laws in general is probably the most significant problem. More importantly, enforcement can only be achieved with the close co-operation of local communities. Typically for the environmental situation in general, the lack of funding fosters non-compliance with various environmental obligations. In addition, insufficient human and material resources make it difficult for enforcement agencies and institutions to meet their obligations. Nevertheless, a significant amount of foreign resources have been given to Croatia.The institutional framework has been significantly strengthened by the establishment of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning, which should signify a turning point in environmental management. Although all types of substantial institutions (governmental, NGOs, scientific, expert) are fairly adequately represented, due to a number of problems their role is less significant that it should be. The institutional framework consequently needs improvement with financing, staff, co-ordination in across sectors, capacity-building and professional training.Environmental NGOs have already successfully proven their potential, despite poor working conditions. With proper assistance they could be particularly important for strengthening Croatia’s environmental progress. Finally, the lack of a clearly defined development strategy will surely affect the NEAP’s implementation upon its’ adoption."

Kroatien ist ein Collaborating non-member country des Europäischen Umweltinformations- und Umweltbeobachtungsnetzes (EIONET, European Environment Information and Observation Network) der EU; Kroatien-Links bei EIONET

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